Dark circles under the eyes are commonly associated with which of the following?

Dark circles under the eyes are commonly linked to poor sleep and genetics. Insufficient sleep can cause the skin to become paler, which may make the blood vessels underneath more visible, resulting in a darker appearance. Additionally, genetics plays a significant role; some individuals may naturally have thinner skin or heightened pigmentation around the eye area, making dark circles more prominent.

While factors like hydration, caffeine intake, and exercise can impact overall skin health, they are not primary causes of dark circles. For instance, excess hydration can actually improve skin plumpness and reduce the appearance of dark circles. High caffeine intake, on the other hand, might lead to dehydration, but its direct link to dark circles is weaker compared to the effects of sleep and genetic predisposition. Daily exercise is generally beneficial for circulation and skin health and would not be a contributing factor to the formation of dark circles.